Перевод: со всех языков на все языки

со всех языков на все языки

bind with an obligation

  • 1 bind with an obligation

    Универсальный англо-русский словарь > bind with an obligation

  • 2 bind with an obligation

    English-Ukrainian law dictionary > bind with an obligation

  • 3 to bind with an obligation

    English-russian dctionary of diplomacy > to bind with an obligation

  • 4 to bind smb with an obligation

    связать кого-л. обязательством

    English-russian dctionary of contemporary Economics > to bind smb with an obligation

  • 5 obligation

    2) обязанность; долг
    3) долговое обязательство; долговая расписка
    •

    English-russian dctionary of diplomacy > obligation

  • 6 bind

    зобов'язувати, створювати зобов'язання; обмежувати; затримувати, заарештовувати
    - bind duties
    - bind hearers to secrecy
    - bind oneself
    - bind over
    - bind over to appear
    - bind over to keep the peace
    - bind with an obligation

    English-Ukrainian law dictionary > bind

  • 7 obligation

    n
    2) обязанность; долг
    3) долговое обязательство; долговая расписка

    - agent's obligations
    - agreed obligation
    - alternative obligation
    - business obligation
    - carried forward obligations
    - client's obligations
    - collateralized mortgage obligation
    - contingent obligation
    - contractual obligations
    - conventional obligation
    - counter obligation
    - counterpart obligations
    - defaulted obligation
    - delivery obligations
    - direct obligation
    - external obligations
    - financial obligation
    - fixed obligation
    - general obligation
    - guarantee obligation
    - implied obligation
    - indirect obligation
    - insurance obligations
    - international obligations
    - joint obligation
    - joint and several obligation
    - know-how obligations
    - legal obligation
    - legal obligations of the parties
    - legally binding obligations
    - long-term obligation
    - maintenance obligations
    - marketable obligations
    - mutual obligations
    - noncancellable obligations
    - nonrecourse obligation
    - outstanding obligation
    - past due obligations
    - payment obligation
    - pecuniary obligations
    - primary obligation
    - royalty obligations
    - secured obligation
    - short-term obligation
    - statutory obligations
    - take-or-pay obligation
    - tax-payers obligations
    - treaty obligations
    - underlying obligation
    - WTO accession obligations
    - obligations of an agent
    - obligations of partners
    - obligations of the principal
    - obligation to provide additional cover if necessary
    - obligations under an agreement
    - obligations under a contract
    - obligations under warranty
    - without obligation
    - abide by obligations
    - accept obligations
    - acknowledge obligations
    - acquit from obligations
    - adhere to an obligation
    - assign obligations
    - assume an obligation
    - be released from an obligation
    - be under obligation to smb
    - be under an obligation to do smth
    - bind smb with an obligation
    - break obligations
    - carry out obligations
    - clear the obligations
    - complete contractual obligations
    - comply with obligations
    - default on obligations
    - define the obligations of the parties
    - deny obligations
    - discharge obligations
    - discharge from obligations
    - discharge payment obligations
    - enter into an obligation
    - evade obligations
    - fail in one's obligations
    - fail to meet obligations
    - fail to perform obligations
    - free from obligations
    - fulfil obligations
    - fulfil contractual obligations
    - implement obligations
    - impose an obligation
    - incur an obligation
    - lay an obligation
    - lay under an obligation
    - lump together all the obligations
    - meet obligations
    - meet financial obligations
    - observe obligations
    - pass obligations
    - perform obligations
    - put under an obligation
    - release from an obligation
    - relieve from an obligation
    - renounce obligations
    - repay obligations
    - review the obligations
    - settle the obligations
    - shirk an obligation
    - shrink away from an obligation
    - transfer one's obligations
    - undertake obligations
    - waive obligations

    English-russian dctionary of contemporary Economics > obligation

  • 8 obligation

    n
    2) обязательство; долг
    •

    to be in breach of one's obligations — нарушать свои обязательства

    to be under an obligation — быть связанным обязательством; быть обязанным

    to bind smb with an obligation — связывать кого-л. обязательством

    to breach one's obligations — нарушать свои обязательства

    to carry out / to discharge an obligation — выполнять обязательство

    to ease smb's obligations — облегчать чьи-л. обязательства

    to pull back from one's obligations — отказываться от выполнения своих обязательств

    to release smb from an obligation — освобождать кого-л. от обязательства

    to shrink from one's obligations — уклоняться от своих обязательств

    to withdraw one's security obligations — отказываться от дальнейшей гарантии безопасности (какой-л. страны и т.д.)

    - administrative obligations
    - allied obligations
    - army obligation
    - breach of obligations
    - contractual obligations
    - counterpart obligations
    - debt-service obligations
    - dereliction of obligations
    - express obligations
    - external obligations
    - financial obligation
    - fulfilment of contractual obligations
    - incurred obligations
    - inter-allied obligations
    - international obligations
    - legal obligations
    - long-term obligation
    - military obligations
    - moral obligation
    - mutual treaty obligations
    - obligations incumbent upon smb
    - obligations vis-a-vis a friendly state
    - observance of contractual obligations
    - primary obligation
    - reparation obligation
    - respect for the obligations
    - security obligations
    - short-term obligation
    - slaving obligations
    - solemn obligation
    - statutory obligation
    - suspension of one's obligations
    - treaty obligations
    - unliquidated obligations

    Politics english-russian dictionary > obligation

  • 9 bind

    1. transitive verb,
    1) (tie) fesseln [Person, Tier]; (bandage) wickeln, binden [Glied]; verbinden [Wunde] ( with mit)

    he was bound hand and foot — er war/wurde an Händen und Füßen gefesselt

    2) (fasten together) zusammenbinden; (fig.): (unite) verbinden
    3) (Bookb.) binden
    4)

    be bound up with something — (fig.) eng mit etwas verbunden sein

    5) (oblige)

    bind somebody/oneself to something — jemanden/sich an etwas (Akk.) binden

    be bound to do something — (required) verpflichtet sein, etwas zu tun

    6)

    be bound to do something — (certain) etwas ganz bestimmt tun

    it is bound to rain — es wird bestimmt od. sicherlich regnen

    7)

    I'm bound to say that... — (feel obliged) ich muss schon sagen, dass...

    8) (Cookery) binden

    bind somebody over [to keep the peace] — jemanden verwarnen od. rechtlich verpflichten[, die öffentliche Ordnung zu wahren]

    2. intransitive verb,
    1) (cohere) binden; [Lehm, Ton:] fest od. hart werden; [Zement:] abbinden
    2) (be restricted) blockieren; [Kolben:] sich festfressen
    3. noun
    1) (coll.): (nuisance)

    what a bind! — wie unangenehm od. lästig!

    2)

    be in a bind — (Amer. coll.) in einer Klemme sitzen (ugs.)

    * * *
    past tense, past participle - bound; verb
    1) (to tie up: The doctor bound up the patient's leg with a bandage; The robbers bound up the bank manager with rope.) binden
    2) (to fasten together and put a cover on the pages of (a book): Bind this book in leather.) binden
    •
    - academic.ru/6978/binding">binding
    - -bound
    * * *
    [baɪnd]
    I. n ( fam: obligation) Verpflichtung f; (burden) Belastung f
    to be a bit of a \bind ziemlich lästig sein
    to be in a bit of a \bind in der Klemme stecken [o sitzen] fam
    II. vi
    <bound, bound>
    binden; clay, soil fest werden
    III. vt
    <bound, bound>
    ▪ to \bind sb to sth jdn an etw akk fesseln
    ▪ to \bind sth to sth etw an etw akk festbinden
    to be bound hand and foot an Händen und Füßen gefesselt sein
    ▪ to be bound to sb ( fig) eine starke Bindung zu jdm haben
    2. (cause to congeal)
    ▪ to \bind together ⇆ sth etw zusammenbinden
    ▪ to \bind together ⇆ sb ( fig) jdn verbinden
    3. (commit)
    ▪ to \bind sb jdn binden [o verpflichten]
    ▪ to \bind sb to sth jdn zu etw dat verpflichten, jdn an etw akk binden
    to \bind sb to secrecy jdn zum Stillschweigen verpflichten
    to \bind oneself under oath LAW sich akk eidlich verpflichten
    ▪ to \bind sth (attach) etw anbringen; cloth etw annähen
    to \bind one's feet seine Füße einschnüren
    to \bind one's hair seine Haare zusammenbinden
    5. TYPO
    to \bind a book ein Buch binden
    * * *
    [baɪnd] pret, ptp bound
    1. vt
    1) (= make fast, tie together) binden (to an +acc); person fesseln; (fig) verbinden (to mit)
    2) (= tie round) wound, arm etc verbinden; bandage wickeln, binden; artery abbinden; (for beauty) waist einschnüren; feet einbinden or -schnüren; hair binden
    3) (= secure edge of) material, hem einfassen
    4) book binden
    5)

    (= oblige by contract, promise) to bind sb to sth — jdn an etw (acc) binden, jdn zu etw verpflichten

    to bind sb to do sth — jdn verpflichten, etw zu tun

    to bind sb as an apprentice — jdn in die Lehre geben (to zu)

    See:
    → bound
    6) (MED) bowels verstopfen
    7) (= make cohere COOK) binden
    2. vi
    1) (= cohere cement etc) binden

    the clay soil tended to bind — der Lehmboden war ziemlich schwer or klebte ziemlich

    2) (MED food) stopfen
    3) (= stick brake, sliding part etc) blockieren
    3. n (inf)
    1)
    2)
    * * *
    bind [baınd]
    A s
    1. a) Band n
    b) Bindfaden m
    2. MUS
    a) Haltebogen m
    b) Bindebogen m
    c) Klammer f
    d) Querbalken m
    3. MINER eisenhaltige Tonerde
    4. Fechten: Bindung f
    5. → bine
    a) in Schwulitäten sein,
    b) in einer Zwickmühle sein oder sitzen;
    put sb in a bind jemanden in Schwulitäten bringen
    B v/t prät und pperf bound [baʊnd]
    1. (an-, um-, fest)binden, knoten, knüpfen:
    bind sth to a tree etwas an einen Baum binden
    2. (ein)binden, verbinden, umwickeln
    3. einen Saum etc einfassen
    4. ein Rad etc beschlagen
    5. fesseln, binden (auch fig:
    to an akk):
    they bound his hands behind him sie banden ihm die Hände auf den Rücken
    6. Fechten: die Klinge des Gegners binden
    7. CHEM, GASTR binden ( with mit)
    8. auch bind down fig behindern
    9. hart machen
    10. MED verstopfen
    11. fig (auch vertraglich) binden, verpflichten ( to sth zu etwas):
    bind o.s. to do sth sich verpflichten, etwas zu tun;
    bind a bargain einen Handel (durch Anzahlung) verbindlich machen;
    bind sb (as an) apprentice jemanden in Ausbildung oder in die Lehre geben (to bei); → bound1 B 2, B 4
    12. ein Buch (ein)binden
    C v/i
    1. CHEM, GASTR binden
    2. fest oder hart werden
    3. MED stopfen
    4. fig binden(d sein), verpflichten
    * * *
    1. transitive verb,
    1) (tie) fesseln [Person, Tier]; (bandage) wickeln, binden [Glied]; verbinden [Wunde] ( with mit)

    he was bound hand and foot — er war/wurde an Händen und Füßen gefesselt

    2) (fasten together) zusammenbinden; (fig.): (unite) verbinden
    3) (Bookb.) binden
    4)

    be bound up with something — (fig.) eng mit etwas verbunden sein

    bind somebody/oneself to something — jemanden/sich an etwas (Akk.) binden

    be bound to do something — (required) verpflichtet sein, etwas zu tun

    6)

    be bound to do something — (certain) etwas ganz bestimmt tun

    it is bound to rain — es wird bestimmt od. sicherlich regnen

    7)

    I'm bound to say that... — (feel obliged) ich muss schon sagen, dass...

    8) (Cookery) binden

    bind somebody over [to keep the peace] — jemanden verwarnen od. rechtlich verpflichten[, die öffentliche Ordnung zu wahren]

    2. intransitive verb,
    1) (cohere) binden; [Lehm, Ton:] fest od. hart werden; [Zement:] abbinden
    2) (be restricted) blockieren; [Kolben:] sich festfressen
    3. noun
    1) (coll.): (nuisance)

    what a bind! — wie unangenehm od. lästig!

    2)

    be in a bind — (Amer. coll.) in einer Klemme sitzen (ugs.)

    * * *
    v.
    (§ p.,p.p.: bound)
    = binden v.
    (§ p.,pp.: band, gebunden)
    verbinden v.
    verpflichten v.

    English-german dictionary > bind

  • 10 связать обязательством

    1) General subject: bind over, (кого-л.) lay under an obligation, oblige, (кого-л.) put an obligation on
    2) Economy: (кого-л.) bind with an obligation
    3) Makarov: (кого-л.) lay (smb.) under an obligation, (кого-л.) put an obligation on (smb.)

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > связать обязательством

  • 11 связать (кого-л.) обязательством

    1) General subject: lay under an obligation, put an obligation on
    2) Economy: bind with an obligation
    3) Makarov: lay (smb.) under an obligation, put an obligation on (smb.)

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > связать (кого-л.) обязательством

  • 12 связать обязательством

    lay (put) under an obligation, bind with an obligation

    Banks. Exchanges. Accounting. (Russian-English) > связать обязательством

  • 13 commit

    France will take part in the station's construction but is refusing to commit itself to the manned space activities that will follow. — Франция примет участие в создании станции, однако она не берет на себя обязательства участвовать в последующей программе пилотируемых полетов.

    Commit - 3... to pledge, to bind with an obligation (The Random House Dictionary)

    Despite the squeeze on public spending, the new Socialist-led government in France is deeply committed to its space program. —...твердо намерено продолжать свою космическую программу.

    1. Work in Russia is changing, and competent, committed professionals want to understand how to ensure their organizations' success.

    2. Businesses in Russia need to have their people be fully committed to taking accountability for the organization's success (Career Forum).

    •

    The English annotation is below. (English-Russian) > commit

  • 14 commit

    •• commitment, commit

    •• Commit 1. to do, to perform.... 3. to pledge, to bind with an obligation (The Random House Dictionary).
    •• Чаще всего слово commitment, не долго думая, переводят приверженность. Но это слово, довольно формальное и бесцветное, мало что говорит русскому слуху. При переводе лучше идти от существительного к глаголу. Например: We share a commitment to human rights. – И вы, и мы верим в права человека. I have made a commitment to this program. – Я решил поддержать эту программу.
    •• В современном английском языке слова commitment и commit отличаются высокой частотностью. Скажем, в короткой статье в газете The Independent они встречаются три раза, и каждый раз переводчик может испытывать трудности:
    •• 1. Mr. Allegre has alarmed Washington by suggesting he might abandon, or reduce France’s commitment to the grandiose scheme to build a permanent international orbiting space station. Здесь commitment – участие;
    •• 2. France will take part in the station’s construction but is refusing to commit itself to the manned space activities that will follow. Здесь commit - взять на себя обязательство, но слово участвовать все равно «всплывает» в переводе: Франция примет участие в создании станции, однако она не берет на себя обязательства участвовать в последующей программе пилотируемых полетов;
    •• 3. Despite the squeeze on public spending, the new Socialist-led government in France is deeply committed to its space program. – ...твердо намерено продолжать свою космическую программу.
    •• Среди русских слов, которые описывают «семантическое поле» слова commitment в разных оттенках его значения, отметим обязанность, обязательство, решение, выбор, ориентация, политика, намерение, линия, курс. В некоторых примерах они как бы сливаются в одно целое. China has come to appreciate that WTO entry is not a one-time deal, but rather a long-term commitment to a pervasive system of rules and transparency (World Link). В переводе можно было бы сказать так: ...членство в ВТО – не единовременная сделка, а выбор системы, предполагающий строгое соблюдение правил игры и информационную открытость.
    •• Аналогичный пример: ...political commitment to private ownership as the engine of economic growth (Time). – ...политический выбор в пользу...
    •• Более трудный случай: What we were looking for was that extra level of commitment from the employees – in making suggestions, and most of all in being flexible (Time). Здесь, пожалуй, подойдут слова ответственность, заинтересованность, а может быть, готовность пойти навстречу (работодателю). Такое употребление слов commitment, committed встречается часто: Work in Russia is changing, and competent, committed professionals want to understand how to ensure their organizations’ success. [...] Businesses in Russia need to have their people be fully committed to taking accountability for the organization’s success (Career Forum). Commitment replaces Beattie’s moral passivity and deadpan style (New York Times). В последнем примере контекст подсказывает перевод неравнодушное отношение.
    •• Еще один пример контекстуального перевода этого слова – заинтересованность. De Gaulle presupposed an American commitment to the rump of liberal Europe (D.Mahoney). – Де Голль исходил из заинтересованности США в сохранении того, что оставалось от либеральной Европы.
    •• Другие варианты контекстуального перевода: активность, активное участие/роль и т.п. America was reaching a point where global commitment was turning into overextension (Henry Kissinger). – Америка приближалась к рубежу, когда глобальная активность (активное участие в мировых делах) оборачивалась переоценкой собственных возможностей.
    •• Интересен глагол to commit (oneself) в значении принять окончательное решение: he is considering the offer but he has not yet committed (himself). В слове commitment есть смысловой параметр, вытекающий именно из этого значения. Знание этого облегчает перевод. Еще один пример из книги Генри Киссинджера Diplomacy: [Kennedy’s] choices [became] more stark, and the consequences of either commitment or withdrawal more painful and costly. В переводе: ...последствия либо решительных действий, либо вывода войск... If [Vietnam] is this important, it may be worth a larger commitment on our part (David Halberstam). – Если Вьетнам так важен, то, может быть, нам следует действовать более решительно.

    English-Russian nonsystematic dictionary > commit

  • 15 commitment

    •• commitment, commit

    •• Commit 1. to do, to perform.... 3. to pledge, to bind with an obligation (The Random House Dictionary).
    •• Чаще всего слово commitment, не долго думая, переводят приверженность. Но это слово, довольно формальное и бесцветное, мало что говорит русскому слуху. При переводе лучше идти от существительного к глаголу. Например: We share a commitment to human rights. – И вы, и мы верим в права человека. I have made a commitment to this program. – Я решил поддержать эту программу.
    •• В современном английском языке слова commitment и commit отличаются высокой частотностью. Скажем, в короткой статье в газете The Independent они встречаются три раза, и каждый раз переводчик может испытывать трудности:
    •• 1. Mr. Allegre has alarmed Washington by suggesting he might abandon, or reduce France’s commitment to the grandiose scheme to build a permanent international orbiting space station. Здесь commitment – участие;
    •• 2. France will take part in the station’s construction but is refusing to commit itself to the manned space activities that will follow. Здесь commit - взять на себя обязательство, но слово участвовать все равно «всплывает» в переводе: Франция примет участие в создании станции, однако она не берет на себя обязательства участвовать в последующей программе пилотируемых полетов;
    •• 3. Despite the squeeze on public spending, the new Socialist-led government in France is deeply committed to its space program. – ...твердо намерено продолжать свою космическую программу.
    •• Среди русских слов, которые описывают «семантическое поле» слова commitment в разных оттенках его значения, отметим обязанность, обязательство, решение, выбор, ориентация, политика, намерение, линия, курс. В некоторых примерах они как бы сливаются в одно целое. China has come to appreciate that WTO entry is not a one-time deal, but rather a long-term commitment to a pervasive system of rules and transparency (World Link). В переводе можно было бы сказать так: ...членство в ВТО – не единовременная сделка, а выбор системы, предполагающий строгое соблюдение правил игры и информационную открытость.
    •• Аналогичный пример: ...political commitment to private ownership as the engine of economic growth (Time). – ...политический выбор в пользу...
    •• Более трудный случай: What we were looking for was that extra level of commitment from the employees – in making suggestions, and most of all in being flexible (Time). Здесь, пожалуй, подойдут слова ответственность, заинтересованность, а может быть, готовность пойти навстречу (работодателю). Такое употребление слов commitment, committed встречается часто: Work in Russia is changing, and competent, committed professionals want to understand how to ensure their organizations’ success. [...] Businesses in Russia need to have their people be fully committed to taking accountability for the organization’s success (Career Forum). Commitment replaces Beattie’s moral passivity and deadpan style (New York Times). В последнем примере контекст подсказывает перевод неравнодушное отношение.
    •• Еще один пример контекстуального перевода этого слова – заинтересованность. De Gaulle presupposed an American commitment to the rump of liberal Europe (D.Mahoney). – Де Голль исходил из заинтересованности США в сохранении того, что оставалось от либеральной Европы.
    •• Другие варианты контекстуального перевода: активность, активное участие/роль и т.п. America was reaching a point where global commitment was turning into overextension (Henry Kissinger). – Америка приближалась к рубежу, когда глобальная активность (активное участие в мировых делах) оборачивалась переоценкой собственных возможностей.
    •• Интересен глагол to commit (oneself) в значении принять окончательное решение: he is considering the offer but he has not yet committed (himself). В слове commitment есть смысловой параметр, вытекающий именно из этого значения. Знание этого облегчает перевод. Еще один пример из книги Генри Киссинджера Diplomacy: [Kennedy’s] choices [became] more stark, and the consequences of either commitment or withdrawal more painful and costly. В переводе: ...последствия либо решительных действий, либо вывода войск... If [Vietnam] is this important, it may be worth a larger commitment on our part (David Halberstam). – Если Вьетнам так важен, то, может быть, нам следует действовать более решительно.

    English-Russian nonsystematic dictionary > commitment

  • 16 ὁρίζω

    + V 10-5-1-3-2=21 Nm 30,3.4.5(bis).6
    A: to act as boundary Nm 34,6; to separate, to determine Prv 18,18; to mark out sth with sth [τί τινι] Prv 16,30
    M: to establish, to ordain (an ordinance) [τι] 3 Mc 6,36; to swear (an oath) [τι] 3 Mc 5,42
    ὁρίσηται ὁρισμῷ if he should bind himself with an obligation or pledge Nm 30,3; ὁρίσηται ὁρισμόν if he should bind himself with an obligation or pledge Nm 30,4
    Cf. ALLEN, L. 1970, 104-108; DORIVAL 1994, 511; SHIPP 1979, 418-420
    (→ἀφὁρίζω, διὁρίζω,,)

    Lust (λαγνεία) > ὁρίζω

  • 17 astringō (ad-st-)

        astringō (ad-st-) inxī, ictus, ere,    to bind on, tie fast, fasten to, bind up: ad statuam astrictus: vincula, O.: hederā adstringitur ilex, twined with, H.: cortex astrictus pice, fastened, H.: Cervice adstrictā, with a halter round his neck, Iu.: non astricto socco, loose (i. e. in style), H.: rotam multo sufflamine, checks, Iu.: comae astrictae, O.: ferrum Astrictum morā, i. e. rusted, O.: ventis glacies astricta, frozen, O.: (calor) venas (terrae), V.—Fig., to bind, put under obligation, oblige: populum lege: alqm religione: alqm condicionibus: milites ad formulam, Cs.: ad adstringendam fidem: tibi fidem, T.: fraus astringit, non dissolvit periurium, fixes the guilt.—To occupy, confine (the attention): illis studio suorum astrictis, S.: Iugurtha maioribus astrictus, S.—To check, repress: lingua astricta mercede.—To fix, confirm: offici servitutem testimonio.—To embarrass, bring into straits: milites, L. — Of language, to bind, limit: orationem numeris.—To compress, abridge: breviter argumenta.

    Latin-English dictionary > astringō (ad-st-)

  • 18 adstringo

    a-stringo ( ads-, Ritschl, Baiter, Halm, Jahn, Keil; as-, Fleck., Merk., Kayser), inxi, ictum, 3, v. a., to draw close, to draw, bind, or tie together, to bind, to tighten, contract (syn.: constringo, stringo, alligo, obligo, vincio).
    I.
    Lit.:

    (hunc) adstringite ad columnam fortiter,

    Plaut. Bacch. 4, 7, 25:

    ad statuam astrictus est,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 42:

    manus,

    Plaut. Capt. 3, 5, 9:

    vinculorum, id est aptissimum... quod ex se atque de iis, quae adstringit quam maxume, unum efficit,

    Cic. Tim. 4 fin.:

    astringit vincula motu,

    Ov. M. 11, 75:

    laqueos,

    Sen. Ira, 3, 16:

    artius atque hederā procera adstringitur ilex,

    is twined around with ivy, Hor. Epod. 15, 5:

    adstringi funibus,

    Vulg. Ezech. 27, 24:

    aliquem adstringere loris,

    ib. Act. 22, 25:

    pavidum in jus Cervice adstrictā dominum trahat,

    with a halter round his neck, Juv. 10, 88 (Jahn, obstrictā): aspice... Quam non adstricto percurrat pulpita socco, not drawn close, loose; poet. for a negligent style of writing, Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 174:

    Ipse rotam adstringit multo sufflamine consul,

    checks, Juv. 8, 148:

    balteus haud fluxos gemmis adstrinxit amictus,

    Luc. 2, 362:

    frontem,

    to contract, knit, Mart. 11, 40; Sen. Ep. 106:

    labra porriguntur et scinduntur et adstringuntur,

    Quint. 11, 3, 81:

    frondem ferro,

    to cut off, clip, Col. 5, 6, 17 al.; so, alvum, to make costive (opp. solvere, q. v.), Cels. 1, 3; 2, 30.—Of the contraction produced by cold:

    nivibus quoque molle rotatis astringi corpus,

    Ov. M. 9, 222; so id. Tr. 3, 4, 48; id. P. 3, 3, 26:

    ventis glacies astricta pependit,

    id. M. 1, 120:

    Sic stat iners Scythicas adstringens Bosporus undas,

    Luc. 5, 436:

    vis frigoris (corpora) ita adstringebat,

    Curt. 7, 3, 13; 8, 4, 6.—Hence, also, to make colder, to cool, refresh:

    ex quo (puteo) possis rursus adstringere,

    Plin. Ep. 5, 6, 25: corpus astringes brevi Salone, Mart. 1, 49, 11 (acc. to Varr. in a pass. sense in the perf., adstrinxi for adstrictus sum, Varr. L. L. Fragm. ap. Gell. 2, 25, 7).—Of colors, to deaden:

    ita permixtis viribus alterum altero excitatur aut adstringitur,

    Plin. 9, 38, 62, § 134 (diff. from alligare, which precedes;

    v. alligo, I. B.).—Also of an astringent, harsh taste: radix gustu adstringit,

    Plin. 27, 10, 60, § 85.—
    II.
    Trop., to draw together, draw closer, circumscribe; to bind, put under obligation, oblige, necessitate:

    ubi adfinitatem inter nos nostram adstrinxeris,

    Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 73: vellem, suscepisses juvenem regendum;

    pater enim nimis indulgens, quicquid ego adstrinxi, relaxat,

    Cic. Att. 10, 6; so,

    mores disciplinae severitate,

    Quint. 2, 2, 4 Spald.:

    ad adstringendam fidem,

    Cic. Off. 3, 31, 111:

    hac lege tibi meam astringo fidem,

    Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 22:

    quo (jure jurando) se cuncti astrinxerant,

    Suet. Caes. 84:

    hujus tanti officii servitutem astringebam testimonio sempiterno,

    to confirm, secure, Cic. Planc. 30 fin. Wund.:

    religione devinctum astrictumque,

    id. Verr. 2, 4, 42:

    disciplina astricta legibus,

    id. Brut. 10, 40; id. ad Q. Fr. 1, 1, 3:

    lege et quaestione,

    id. Clu. 155:

    suis condicionibus,

    id. Quinct. 5:

    auditor nullā ejus modi adstrictus necessitate,

    id. N. D. 1, 7, 17:

    orationem numeris astringere,

    id. de Or. 3, 44, 173 et saep.:

    adstringi sacris,

    to be bound to maintain, id. Leg. 2, 19:

    inops regio, quae parsimoniā astringeret milites,

    Liv. 39, 1:

    ad temperantiam,

    Plin. Ep. 7, 1:

    ad servitutem juris,

    Quint. 2, 16, 9:

    illa servitus ad certa se verba adstringendi,

    id. 7, 3, 16:

    milites ad certam stipendiorum formulam,

    Suet. Aug. 49; id. Tib. 18:

    me astringam verbis in sacra jura tuis,

    Ov. H. 16, 320; 20, 28:

    magno scelere se astringeret,

    Cic. Phil. 4, 4, 9; id. Sest. 50 fin.; so id. Sull. 29, 82; perh. also id. Pis. 39 fin.; instead of this abl. of class. Latin, we sometimes find in comedy apparently the gen.:

    et ipsum sese et illum furti adstringeret,

    made guilty of, charged himself with, Plaut. Rud. 4, 7, 34:

    Homo furti sese adstringet,

    id. Poen. 3, 4, 27 (cf.:

    Audin tu? hic furti se adligat,

    Ter. Eun. 4, 7, 39; Draeger, Hist. Synt. I. § 209, regards this as a vulgar extension of the use of the gen. with verbs of accusing, convicting, etc., but Klotz, s. v. astringo, regards it as really an old dative, furtoi furti; cf. quoi cui).—Of reasoning or discourse, to compress, abridge, bring into short compass:

    Stoici breviter adstringere solent argumenta,

    Cic. Tusc. 3, 6, 13 (cf. id. ib. 3, 10, 22: Haec sic dicuntur a Stoicis, concludunturque contortius); id. Fat. 14, 32:

    premere tumentia, luxuriantia adstringere,

    Quint. 10, 4, 1 Frotsch., Halm.—Hence, astrictus ( ads-), a, um, P. a., drawn together, tight, narrow, close.
    A.
    Lit.:

    limen astrictum,

    shut, Ov. Am. 3, 1, 50:

    alvus fusior aut astrictior,

    Cels. 1, 3:

    corpus astrictum, i. e. alvus dura,

    id. 3, 6:

    genus morbi astrictum,

    costiveness, id. 1 praef.:

    gustu adstricto,

    of a harsh, astringent taste, Plin. 27, 12, 96, § 121.—
    B.
    Trop.
    1.
    Sparing, parsimonious, covetous (not before the Aug. per.):

    astrictus pater,

    Prop. 3, 17, 18:

    adstricti moris auctor,

    Tac. A. 3, 55:

    parsimonia,

    Just. 44, 2.—
    2.
    Of discourse, compact, brief, concise, short (opp. remissus):

    dialectica quasi contracta et astricta eloquentia putanda est,

    Cic. Brut. 90, 309:

    verborum astricta comprehensio,

    id. ib. 95, 327:

    est enim finitimus oratori poëta, numeris astrictior paulo,

    id. de Or. 1, 16, 70; 1, 16, 60.— Sup. not used.— Adv.: astrictē ( ads-), concisely, briefly (only of discourse):

    astricte numerosa oratio,

    Cic. de Or. 3, 48, 184.— Comp.:

    astrictius dicere,

    Sen. Ep. 8 fin., and Plin. Ep. 1, 20, 20:

    scribere,

    id. ib. 3, 18, 10:

    ille concludit adstrictius, hic latius,

    Quint. 10, 1, 106.— Sup. not used.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > adstringo

  • 19 astringo

    a-stringo ( ads-, Ritschl, Baiter, Halm, Jahn, Keil; as-, Fleck., Merk., Kayser), inxi, ictum, 3, v. a., to draw close, to draw, bind, or tie together, to bind, to tighten, contract (syn.: constringo, stringo, alligo, obligo, vincio).
    I.
    Lit.:

    (hunc) adstringite ad columnam fortiter,

    Plaut. Bacch. 4, 7, 25:

    ad statuam astrictus est,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 42:

    manus,

    Plaut. Capt. 3, 5, 9:

    vinculorum, id est aptissimum... quod ex se atque de iis, quae adstringit quam maxume, unum efficit,

    Cic. Tim. 4 fin.:

    astringit vincula motu,

    Ov. M. 11, 75:

    laqueos,

    Sen. Ira, 3, 16:

    artius atque hederā procera adstringitur ilex,

    is twined around with ivy, Hor. Epod. 15, 5:

    adstringi funibus,

    Vulg. Ezech. 27, 24:

    aliquem adstringere loris,

    ib. Act. 22, 25:

    pavidum in jus Cervice adstrictā dominum trahat,

    with a halter round his neck, Juv. 10, 88 (Jahn, obstrictā): aspice... Quam non adstricto percurrat pulpita socco, not drawn close, loose; poet. for a negligent style of writing, Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 174:

    Ipse rotam adstringit multo sufflamine consul,

    checks, Juv. 8, 148:

    balteus haud fluxos gemmis adstrinxit amictus,

    Luc. 2, 362:

    frontem,

    to contract, knit, Mart. 11, 40; Sen. Ep. 106:

    labra porriguntur et scinduntur et adstringuntur,

    Quint. 11, 3, 81:

    frondem ferro,

    to cut off, clip, Col. 5, 6, 17 al.; so, alvum, to make costive (opp. solvere, q. v.), Cels. 1, 3; 2, 30.—Of the contraction produced by cold:

    nivibus quoque molle rotatis astringi corpus,

    Ov. M. 9, 222; so id. Tr. 3, 4, 48; id. P. 3, 3, 26:

    ventis glacies astricta pependit,

    id. M. 1, 120:

    Sic stat iners Scythicas adstringens Bosporus undas,

    Luc. 5, 436:

    vis frigoris (corpora) ita adstringebat,

    Curt. 7, 3, 13; 8, 4, 6.—Hence, also, to make colder, to cool, refresh:

    ex quo (puteo) possis rursus adstringere,

    Plin. Ep. 5, 6, 25: corpus astringes brevi Salone, Mart. 1, 49, 11 (acc. to Varr. in a pass. sense in the perf., adstrinxi for adstrictus sum, Varr. L. L. Fragm. ap. Gell. 2, 25, 7).—Of colors, to deaden:

    ita permixtis viribus alterum altero excitatur aut adstringitur,

    Plin. 9, 38, 62, § 134 (diff. from alligare, which precedes;

    v. alligo, I. B.).—Also of an astringent, harsh taste: radix gustu adstringit,

    Plin. 27, 10, 60, § 85.—
    II.
    Trop., to draw together, draw closer, circumscribe; to bind, put under obligation, oblige, necessitate:

    ubi adfinitatem inter nos nostram adstrinxeris,

    Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 73: vellem, suscepisses juvenem regendum;

    pater enim nimis indulgens, quicquid ego adstrinxi, relaxat,

    Cic. Att. 10, 6; so,

    mores disciplinae severitate,

    Quint. 2, 2, 4 Spald.:

    ad adstringendam fidem,

    Cic. Off. 3, 31, 111:

    hac lege tibi meam astringo fidem,

    Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 22:

    quo (jure jurando) se cuncti astrinxerant,

    Suet. Caes. 84:

    hujus tanti officii servitutem astringebam testimonio sempiterno,

    to confirm, secure, Cic. Planc. 30 fin. Wund.:

    religione devinctum astrictumque,

    id. Verr. 2, 4, 42:

    disciplina astricta legibus,

    id. Brut. 10, 40; id. ad Q. Fr. 1, 1, 3:

    lege et quaestione,

    id. Clu. 155:

    suis condicionibus,

    id. Quinct. 5:

    auditor nullā ejus modi adstrictus necessitate,

    id. N. D. 1, 7, 17:

    orationem numeris astringere,

    id. de Or. 3, 44, 173 et saep.:

    adstringi sacris,

    to be bound to maintain, id. Leg. 2, 19:

    inops regio, quae parsimoniā astringeret milites,

    Liv. 39, 1:

    ad temperantiam,

    Plin. Ep. 7, 1:

    ad servitutem juris,

    Quint. 2, 16, 9:

    illa servitus ad certa se verba adstringendi,

    id. 7, 3, 16:

    milites ad certam stipendiorum formulam,

    Suet. Aug. 49; id. Tib. 18:

    me astringam verbis in sacra jura tuis,

    Ov. H. 16, 320; 20, 28:

    magno scelere se astringeret,

    Cic. Phil. 4, 4, 9; id. Sest. 50 fin.; so id. Sull. 29, 82; perh. also id. Pis. 39 fin.; instead of this abl. of class. Latin, we sometimes find in comedy apparently the gen.:

    et ipsum sese et illum furti adstringeret,

    made guilty of, charged himself with, Plaut. Rud. 4, 7, 34:

    Homo furti sese adstringet,

    id. Poen. 3, 4, 27 (cf.:

    Audin tu? hic furti se adligat,

    Ter. Eun. 4, 7, 39; Draeger, Hist. Synt. I. § 209, regards this as a vulgar extension of the use of the gen. with verbs of accusing, convicting, etc., but Klotz, s. v. astringo, regards it as really an old dative, furtoi furti; cf. quoi cui).—Of reasoning or discourse, to compress, abridge, bring into short compass:

    Stoici breviter adstringere solent argumenta,

    Cic. Tusc. 3, 6, 13 (cf. id. ib. 3, 10, 22: Haec sic dicuntur a Stoicis, concludunturque contortius); id. Fat. 14, 32:

    premere tumentia, luxuriantia adstringere,

    Quint. 10, 4, 1 Frotsch., Halm.—Hence, astrictus ( ads-), a, um, P. a., drawn together, tight, narrow, close.
    A.
    Lit.:

    limen astrictum,

    shut, Ov. Am. 3, 1, 50:

    alvus fusior aut astrictior,

    Cels. 1, 3:

    corpus astrictum, i. e. alvus dura,

    id. 3, 6:

    genus morbi astrictum,

    costiveness, id. 1 praef.:

    gustu adstricto,

    of a harsh, astringent taste, Plin. 27, 12, 96, § 121.—
    B.
    Trop.
    1.
    Sparing, parsimonious, covetous (not before the Aug. per.):

    astrictus pater,

    Prop. 3, 17, 18:

    adstricti moris auctor,

    Tac. A. 3, 55:

    parsimonia,

    Just. 44, 2.—
    2.
    Of discourse, compact, brief, concise, short (opp. remissus):

    dialectica quasi contracta et astricta eloquentia putanda est,

    Cic. Brut. 90, 309:

    verborum astricta comprehensio,

    id. ib. 95, 327:

    est enim finitimus oratori poëta, numeris astrictior paulo,

    id. de Or. 1, 16, 70; 1, 16, 60.— Sup. not used.— Adv.: astrictē ( ads-), concisely, briefly (only of discourse):

    astricte numerosa oratio,

    Cic. de Or. 3, 48, 184.— Comp.:

    astrictius dicere,

    Sen. Ep. 8 fin., and Plin. Ep. 1, 20, 20:

    scribere,

    id. ib. 3, 18, 10:

    ille concludit adstrictius, hic latius,

    Quint. 10, 1, 106.— Sup. not used.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > astringo

  • 20 HALDA

    * * *
    (held; hélt, héldum; haldinn), v.
    I. with dat.
    1) to hold fast (Gunnarr var kyrr svá at honum hélt einn maðr);
    to keep back, restrain (Hrafn fekk eigi haldit henni heima);
    2) to withhold (héldu bœndrgjaldinu);
    3) to keep, retain (þú skalt jafhan þessu sæti halda);
    to preserve (halda virðingu sinni, lífi ok limum);
    halda vöku sinni, to keep oneself awake;
    4) to hold, keep one’s stock;
    also ellipt. (vetr var illr ok héldu menn illa);
    5) phrases, halda njósnum, to keep watch, to spy (= halda njósnum til um e-t);
    halda (hendi) fyrir auga, to hold (the hand) before the eyes, shade the eyes;
    halda hendi yfir e-m, to protect one;
    6) to hold, stand, steer, ellipt., þeir héldu aptr (held back again) um haustit;
    þeir héldu út eptir fírði, they stood out the firth;
    halda heim, to steer homewards;
    7) to graze, put in the field (halda fé til haga);
    8) impers. to continue, last (hélt því lengi um vetrinn);
    II. with acc.
    1) to hold in possession, a fief, land, estate (þeir héldu alla hina beztu staði með sjónum);
    2) to hold, keep, observe, a feast, holiday (í hvers minning heldr þú þenna. dag?);
    3) to keep (halda orð sín, eið, sættir, frið);
    to observe (halda guðs lög ok landsins);
    4) to uphold, maintain, support (halda vini sína, halda e-n til ríkis);
    5) halda sik, to comport oneself (kunna halda sik með hófi);
    halda sik ríkmannliga, to fare sumptuously;
    halda sik aptr af e-u, to abstain from;
    6) to hold, consider, deem (hón hélt engan hans jafningja);
    7) to hold, keep up;
    halda varnir, to keep up a defence;
    halda vörð, to keep watch;
    8) to hold, compel, bind (heldr mik þá ekki til útanferðar);
    þó heldr þik várkunn til at leita á, thou hast some excuse for trying;
    III. with preps.:
    halda á e-u, to hold, wield in the hand (halda á sverði);
    to hold to a thing, go on with it, be busy about (halda á drykkju, á ferð sinni, á sýslu);
    halda e-t af e-m, to hold (land, office) from or of one (þeir er höfðu haldið land af Danakonungi);
    halda mikit af e-m, to make much of one;
    halda eptir e-m, to pursue one;
    halda e-u eptir, to keep back;
    halda sik frá e-u, to keep oneself back from, refrain from;
    halda e-u fram, to uphold, support;
    halda e-u fyrir e-u, to withhold from one;
    to protect against (héldu engar grindr fénu fyrir birninum);
    halda e-n fyrir e-t, to hold, consider one to be so and so (síðan hélt konungr Erling fyrir tryggvan vin);
    halda í e-t, to hold fast, grasp (þú skalt halda í hurðarhringinn);
    halda til e-s, to be the cause of, be conducive to;
    heldr þar margt til þess, there are many reasons for this;
    hélt til þess (conduced to it) góðgirni hans;
    halda til e-s, to be bent on, fond of (halda mjök til skarts, til gleði);
    halda til jafns við e-n, to bear up against one, to be a match for one;
    halda um e-t, to grasp with the hand (= halda hendi um e-t);
    halda barni undir skírn, to hold at baptism;
    halda e-u upp, to hold aloft, lift (halda upp höndum);
    halda upp árum, to hold up the oars, cease pulling;
    to uphold, maintain, support (halda upp hofum, kristninni);
    to keep going (halda upp bardaga);
    to discharge (halda upp kostnaði, bótum);
    halda upp bœnum fyrir e-m, to pray for one;
    halda e-u við, to maintain a thing;
    halda við e-m, to stand against (hvar sem harm kom fram, hélt ekki við honum);
    hélt þá við atgöngu (acc.), they were near coming to fight;
    heldr nú við hót, it is little short of threats;
    IV. refl., haldast.
    * * *
    pret. hélt (= Goth. haihald), 2nd pérs. hélt, mod. hélzt, pl. héldum; pres. held, pl. höldum; pret. subj. héldi; part. haldinn; imperat. hald and haltú: [Ulf. haldan = βόσκειν, ποιμαίνειν, whereas he renders to keep, hold by other words; Hel. haldan = alere, fovere, colere, which thus seems to be the primitive sense of the word, and to be akin to Lat. cŏlo; again, A. S. healdan, Engl. hold, O. H. G. haltan, Germ. halten, Swed. hålla, halda, Dan. holde, are all of them used in a more general sense]:—to hold.
    A. WITH DAT. to hold to:
    I. to hold fast by; with the notion of restraint or force, tók Gizurr förunaut Ögmundar ok hélt honum, Sturl. i. 150; Gunnarr var kyrr svá at honum hélt einn maðr, Nj. 92; ef maðr heldr manni …, varðar fjörbaugs-garð, Grág. ii. 110; h. e-m undir drep, 17; h. skipum ( to grapple the ships) með stafnljám, Fms. ii. 315: to keep back, Hrafn fékk eigi haldit henni heima þar, Ísl. ii. 249; ok halda þeim veðr í enni sömu höfn, Grág. i. 92; h. (sér) í e-t, to hold oneself fast by, grasp, þú skalt h. í hurðar-hringinn, Dropl. 29; heldr sér í faxit, Sd. 177.
    β. so in the phrases, halda barni (manni) undir skírn, vatn, primsignan, biskups hönd, eccl. to hold a bairn ( man) at baptism, prima signatio, confirmation, Grág. i. 29; h. vatni (tárum), to hold one’s tears, 623. 56, Fms. viii. 232, vi. (in a verse); halda munni, to hold one’s tongue, be silent, vii. 227; halda tungu sinni, Þórð.
    2. to withhold; þá megu þeir h. tíundum hans í móti, K. Þ. K. 62; h. vætti, Grág. i. 42; h. gögnum, 56; ef goði heldr tylftar-kvið, er hann heldr kviðnum, 58; halda matinum fyrir honum, 47; h. sköttum fyrir e-m, Nj. 8; h. skógar-manni fyrir e-m, Finnb. 334; um þat er hann hefir konunni haldit, Grág. i. 313; héldu bændr gjaldinu, Fms. vii. 302; hélt ek því (i. e. the money) fyrir honum, i. e. paid it not, Ísl. ii. 244.
    II. to hold, of a rope or the like; sá maðr hugði h. mundu er festi, … ok h. mundu í slíku veðri, Grág. ii. 361; reip þau tíu er tveggja manna afli haldi hvert, id.; skal hann svá göra at haldi fyrir fyrnsku, 268.
    β. to hold, hold out, last; optast halda þar íllviðri litla hríð, Sks. 212; sunnudags-helgi ríss upp á laugardegi, ok heldr ( lasts) til mánadags, N. G. L. i. 138.
    III. to keep, retain, Germ. behalten; fá-ein skip héldu seglum sinum, Fms. x. 143; þú skalt jafnan þessu sæti h., Nj. 6; h. bústað sínum, Ld. 26; h. ríki sínu, Al. 58, Fms. i. 13; h. öllum Noregi, viii. 155; h. frelsi ok eignum, vi. 40; h. hlut sínum, to uphold one’s right, Eg. passim; halt sömum vinum sem ek hefi haft, Fas. i. 375; h. hreinleik sínum, Al. 58.
    β. to hold, keep safe, preserve; h. hlut sínum, Ld. 54; h. heilsu, Grág. i. 145; h. virðingu sinni, Ld. 16; þá heldr hann kosti sínum, Grág. ii. 209; h. tíma ( honour) sínum, Al. 59; h. lífi ok limum, Eg. 89; h. lífinu, Nj. 111; h. trúnaði sínum, 109; vináttu sinni, Ld. 200; einorð sinni, Fb. ii. 265; h. sér réttum, to keep oneself right, Ld. 158; h. e-m heilum, Odd. 30; h. ríki fyrir e-m, Fms. v. 279; h. manna-forræði fyrir e-m, Hrafn. 19; h. réttu máli fyrir e-m, Fms. vii. 64.
    2. to continue to keep, keep all along; h. teknum hætti, Fms. iv. 254; h. vöku, to keep oneself awake, Ld. 152; but h. vöku fyrir e-m, to keep another awake; halda sýslu sinni, Fs. 36; h. högum, to keep grazing, Eb. 104, Ld. 148.
    3. to hold, keep one’s stock; ellipt., vetr var íllr ok héldu menn ílla, the winter was cold and it was ill to keep live stock, Sturl. ii. 143, (cp. fjár-höld); hann hélt vel svá at nær lifði hvat-vetna, Hrafn. 22: metaph., ílla hefir þinn faðir þá haldit, Fms. xi. 144; öld hefir ílla haldit, the people have had a sad loss, vi. (in a verse); h. fangi, and also ellipt. halda, of sheep and cattle, opp. to ‘to go back.’
    4. phrases, halda njósnum, to keep watch, to spy, Fms. viii. 146, Nj. 113; hann hélt njósnum til Önundar, Landn. 287; hélt konungr njósnum til, ef …, Fms. vii. 128; hann skyldi h. njósnum til ok gera orð konungi, i. 54; h. njósnum til um e-t, iv. 119, Nj. 93; halda njósn (sing.) um skip þat, Eg. 74; þér haldit njósnum nær færi gefr á Arnkatli, Eb. 186; hann lét h. njósnum uppi á landi, Fms. vii. 316; hann hélt fréttum til, ef …, iv. 349.
    β. halda (hendi) fyrir auga, to hold ( the hand) before the eyes, shade the eyes, Nj. 132, Fms. v. 196; h. fyrir munn e-m, to hold ( the hand) over one’s mouth; h. hendi yfir e-m, to hold the hand over one, protect one, Nj. 266, Fbr. 22, Korm.; h. hendi um háls e-m, to clasp the hands around one’s neck, Fms. i. 9; h. skildi fyrir e-n, to hold the shield for one as a second in a duel, Ísl. ii. 257, passim; h. e-m til náms, to hold one to the book, make one study, K. Þ. K. 56; h. e-m til virðingar, Ld. 98.
    IV. ellipt. (liði, skipi, för, stefnu, etc. understood), to hold, stand in a certain direction, esp. as a naut. term; þeir héldu aptr ( stood back again) um haustið, Eg. 69; treystisk hann eigi á haf at halda, Eb. 6; héldu þeir vestr um haf, id.; stigu þeir á skip sín, ok héldu út ( stood out) eptir firði, Fms. i. 63; þeir héldu þat sama sumar til Íslands, Ld. 6; hann hélt upp eptir hinni eystri kvísl, Fms. vii. 55; h. heim, to hold one’s course, stand homewards, Odd. 30; h. á braut, Grág. i. 92; Hrútr hélt suðr til Eyrar-sunds, Nj. 8; h. eptir e-m, to pursue one, 7; h. undan, to fly, Fms. x. 396, Nj. 98 (on land); kom móti þeim sunnan-veðr með myrkri, ok urðu þeir fyrir at h., to lay one’s course for the wind, A. A. 271; h. útleið, to stand on the outer tack, Eg. 78; h. til, to turn against, attack (on sea), Fms. xi. 72; hélt hann liði sínu suðr á Mæri, i. 62; þeir héldu liði sínu norðr til Þrándheims, id.; Haraldr konungr hélt norðan liði sínu, Eg. 32; héldu þeir skipi því suðr með landi, 69; skipi því lét hann halda vestr til Englands, id.; Unnr hélt skipinu í Orkneyjar, eptir þat hélt Unnr skipi sínu til Færeyja, Ld. 8.
    β. to graze, put in the field, of sheep, cattle; þykkir mér þat miklu skipta at þeim sé vel til haga haldit, Eg. 714; hvert Steinarr hafði látið nautum sínum halda, 715; ok bað hann h. nautunum annan veg, 716.
    γ. phrases, halda kyrru fyrir, to hold still, remain quiet, Ld. 216, Þórð. 30 new Ed., Nj. 223, 258; Hallr heldr nú til fangs ( went fishing) sem áðr, Ld. 38.
    V. with prep.; halda á e-u, to hold, wield in the hand, freq. in mod. usage, h. á bók, penna, fjöðr, hníf, skærum, nál, etc.; hafði hverr þat er hélt á, Nj. 279; h. á sverði, Fb. i. 33; hann tók við öxinni ok hélt (viz. á), ok sá á, Eg. 180: to hold fast, heldr nú maðr á manni, Fas. i. 12; eigi máttu helvítis byrgi h. á honum, 656 C. 6; ef hann heldr á fénu ( withholds it), Grág. i. 427.
    β. [Germ. anhalten], to hold to a thing, go on with, be busy about; h. á sýslu, to be busy, Rm. 14; h. á keri, qs. halda á drykkju, to go on drinking, carousing, Hm. 18: h. á hinni sömu bæn, Stj. 417; h. á fyrirsátrum við e-n, Þórð. 51 new Ed.; h. á búnaði sínum, Ld. 164; hélt hann þá á búnaði sínum sem skjótligast, Fms. ix. 215, x. 119, Sturl. ii. 245; þogar á bak Jólum hélt Ólafr konungr á búningi, Fms. v. 41; hann heldr nú á málinu, Nj. 259; nú heldr Þórðr á málinu ok verðr Oddný honum gipt, Bjarn. 11, Konr. (Fr.); h. á tilkalli, Fms. i. 84; h. á þessum sið, xi. 41; h. á för, to go on with one’s journey, Sighvat; gengu síðan brott ok héldu á ferð sinni, and went on their journey, Sturl.;—whence the mod. phrase, halda áfram, to go on, which seems not to occur in old writers.
    2. halda e-u fram, to hold up, make much of; bróðir minn mun mér mjök hafa fram haldit fyrir ástar sakir, Nj. 3.
    β. to hold on doing, (hence fram-hald, continuation); halda fram upp-teknu efni, Fms. i. 263; slíku hélt hann fram meðan hann lifði, iv. 254; hélt hann (fram) teknum hætti um veizlurnar, id., Grett. 14.
    3. halda saman, to hold together, Eluc. 6, Fms. vii. 140, Rb. 340.
    4. halda e-u upp, to hold aloft, Yngvarr hélt upp vísu þeirri, Eg. 152; steinninn heldr upp annarr öðrum, Rb. 390; h. upp árum, to hold up the oars, cease pulling, Fas. ii. 517, N. G. L. i. 65.
    β. to uphold, maintain, support; halda upp hofi, Landn. 64, Eb. 24; h. upp hofum ok efla blót, Fms. i. 91; h. upp kirkju, K. Þ. K. 52; h. upp Kristninni, Fms. i. 32: to keep going, h. upp bardaga, orrostu, xi. 66, 188, 340.
    γ. to discharge; h. upp féráns-dómi, Grág. i. 120; h. upp lögskilum, 145; h. upp svörum, Ó. H. 174; h. upp kostnaði, Eg. 77; h. upp gjaldi, Grág. i. 384; gjöldum, Fms. i. 81; h. upp bót, Grág. ii. 182; bótum, Eb. 100, 162, N. G. L. i. 311; ef hann heldr upp yfirbót ( penance) þeirri, Hom. 70; h. upp bænum fyrir e-m, to pray for one, Fms. xi. 271; hélt hann því vel upp sem vera átti, discharged it well, x. 93.
    δ. halda sér vel upp, to hold oneself well up, Sturl.
    ε. metaph., skal-at hann lögvillr verða, svá at honum haldi þat uppi (i. e. went unpunished), Grág. i. 316; ok heldr honum þat uppi ( that will save him), ef hann er rétt-hafi at orðinn, ii. 242.
    5. halda e-u við, to maintain a thing, Hkr. i. 195.
    VI. impers.,
    1. to continue, last; hélt því nokkura stund dags, Fms. x. 125: hélt því lengi um vetrinn, Ld. 288; regni hélt haustnótt gegnum, Fms. vi. 83.
    2. with prep. við, to be on the brink of; hélt þá við atgöngu, they were within a hair’s breadth of coming to fight, Hkr. i. 143; hélt þá við vandræði, Fms. ix. 434; heldr við bardaga, vi. 8; heldr nú við hót, it is little short of a threat, i. 305; hélt við blót, x. 106; ok hélt við flótta, i. 174; hélt við meiðingar, Nj. 21, Sd. 143; henni hélt við, at hón mundi drepa hana, Nj. 118; þeim hélt við váða sjálfan, Ó. H. 168; konungi hélt við, hvárt hann mundi standask eðr eigi, Mag. 100; honum hélt við kafnan, Bs. i. 18; hélt þó við at þeir mundi berjask, Fs. 53.
    B. WITH ACC. to hold:
    I. to hold in possession, a fief, land, estate, office, or the like; þeir héldu alla hina beztu staði með sjónum, Fms. xi. 131; þeir er áðr höfðu haldit land af Dana-konungi, i. 232; Eirekr skyldi h. land af Aðalsteini konungi, 23; Vemundr hélt Firða-fylki, Eg. 12; hélt hann þat ríki undir Knút konungi, Ísl. ii. 242; í þeirri borg héldu þeir langfeðgar fimmtán konungdóma, Ver. 37; h. land sem leigu-land, Grág. ii. 278; konungrinn heldr af Guði nafnit, Sks. 599 B; prestar er kirkjur halda, H. E. i. 486; sá prestr er heldr Pétrs-kirkju, N. G. L. i. 312; presta þeirra er kirkju halda, 346; skal sá maðr ráða er kirkju heldr, K. Þ. K. 60; Ólafs kirkju þá er Væringjar halda (the parish church of W.), Hkr. iii. 408.
    2. halda ábyrgju, ábyrgð á e-n, to have the responsibility of a thing, Grág. ii. 399, K. Þ. K. 66; h. grip, to be in the possession of, Grág. i. 438, ii. 190; h. skóla, to keep a school, Mar.; h. fylgð, to perform, Fms. ix. 279; eiga vandræði at h., to be in a strait, difficulty, Eb. 108.
    II. to hold, keep, observe, a feast, holiday, or the like; halda kirkju-dag, K. Þ. K. 42; í hvers minning heldr þú þenna dag? Nj. 157; h. helgan þvátt-dag hvern, Pr. 437; h. helga daga, Sl.; h. Jóla-dag, Páska, Hvíta-sunnu, Rb. 134; minnstú að h. helgan hvíldar-daginn Drottins Guðs þíns (the Fourth Commandment in the Icel. version); h. heilagt, to keep holiday, Dipl. ii. 14; í dag þá hátíð höldum vér til himna sté vor Herra, Hólabók 54; er Júdar héldu hátíðligt, Stj. 110; (hence forn-haldinn, time-honoured): of the day-marks (vide dagr, p. 95), er þaðan haldinn miðr-morgin, Hrafn. 9.
    2. to keep; halda orð sín, to keep one’s word, Fms. x. 95; höldum öll einka-mál vár, vii. 305; h. sættir, Nj. 57; gerðú svá vel, félagi, at þú halt vel sætt þessa, 111, Sturl. iii. 153, Fs. 65, Gullþ. 20; hann kvaðsk vilja hafa svardaga af þeim ok festu, at halda, Nj. 164; h. eið, Sturl. iii. 153; h. frið, to keep peace, Greg. 7; ef þú vilt nokkura hluti eigi h. þá er ek hefi á lagt við þik, Eg. 738: to observe faith, law, rite, etc., halda átrúnað, Fms. i. 34, x. 277; h. Guðs lög ok landsins, vii. 305; h. lands lög, viii. 155; h. ein lög, 625. 52; hafa ok halda þau lög, Fms. i. 34; h. Kristilega trú, K. Á. 74; h. mál (orð) e-s, Greg. 17; h. alla hluti með athugasamlegu minni, Sks. 439.
    3. to keep, tend; halda geitr, Hkv. 2. 20 (exactly as in Gothic).
    III. to uphold, maintain, support; þykkir mér þér sé nú ísjár-vert, hvárt þú munt fá haldit þik eðr eigi, Nj. 155; munu vér þó ekki einhlitir at h. oss eptir þessi verk, Háv. 50; at hón mætti með valdi h. sik ok menn sína, Fas. i. 375; þat væri nokkurr várkunn, at þú héldir frænda þinn eðr fóstbróður, en þetta er alls engi (at) halda útlaga konungs, Ó. H. 145; enda ætla ek lítinn viljann til at h. vini þína, Fms. vii. 244; því at Eysteinn konungr kenndi Inga konungi, at hann héldi þá menn, 248; ef þú heldr hann ( upholdest him) til þess at ganga á vini mína, Eg. 339; viljum vér allir fylgja þér ok þik til konungs halda, Fms. i. 34; Stephanus skyldi h. hann til laga ok réttinda, Sks. 653; h. e-n til ríkis, Fb. i. 236; vinsæld föður hans hélt hann mest til alþýðu vináttu, Fms. vii. 175; þeir sem upp h. ( sustain) þenna líkama, Anecd. 4.
    β. phrases, halda e-m kost, borð, to keep at board, entertain, Fms. ix. 220, x. 105, 146, Nj. 6; or, halda e-n at klæðum ok drykk, Ó. H. 69; h. stríð, bellum gerere (not class.), Fms. x. 51; h. úfrið, Fas. ii. 539.
    2. halda sik, to comfort oneself, Sks. 281, Hom. 29; kunna sik með hófi at h., Sturl. iii. 108; h. sik ríkmannliga, to fare sumptuously, Ld. 234; hann hélt betr húskarla sína en aðrir, Fms. vii. 242; h. mjök til skarts, to dress fine, Ld. 196; þar var Hrefna ok hélt allmjök til skarts, id.; hann var hægr hvers-dagliga, ok hélt mjök til gleði, Sturl. iii. 123; hélt hann hér mjök til vinsælda ok virðinga, he enjoyed much popularity and fame, Ld. 298.
    β. ellipt. (sik understood), at h. til jafns við e-n, to bear up against one, to be a match for one, Ld. 40; ef þér hefir eigi til þess hug eðr afl at h. til jafns við e-n húskarl Þorsteins, Eg. 714; h. til fullnaðar, to stand on one’s full rights; ef þær taka eigi fullrétti, eðr h. eigi til fullnaðar, Grág. ii. 109; h. fullara, to hold one above other men, Ó. H. (in a verse); lét konungr þá h. mjök til ( make great preparations) at syngja messu hátíðliga, Hkr. i. 287.
    3. to hold forth, put forward; at þeim inyiidi þungbýlt vera í nánd honum, ef þeir héldi nokkurn annan fyrir betra mann en hann, Ld. 26; síðan hélt konungr Erling fyrir tryggvan mann, Fms. ix. 399.
    β. to hold, deem, be of opinion; the old writers seem not to use the word exactly in this sense, but near to it come such phrases as, hón hélt engan hans jafningja innan hirðar hvárki í orðum né öðrum hlutum, i. e. she held him to be above all men, Ld. 60; halda menn hann fyrir konung, Fb. i. 216; still closer, halda menn at Oddný sé nú betr gipt, Bjarn. 12 (but only preserved in a paper MS.): this sense is very freq. in mod. usage, to hold, mean, eg held það; eg held ekki, I think not; (hence hald, opinion.)
    γ. phrases, halda mikit upp á e-n, to hold one in much esteem, love, Stj. 33; halda af e-m, id., Fas. i. 458, ii. 63, 200, iii. 520, esp. freq. in mod. usage, (upp-á-hald, af-hald, esteem.)
    4. to hold on, keep up; halda varnir, to keep up a defence, Sks. 583; halda vörð, to keep watch, Eg. 120, Grág. i. 32, 264; halda njósn, Eg. 72, 74, Fms. xi. 46; halda tal af e-m, to speak, communicate with one, ii. 88.
    5. to hold, be valid, be in force, a law term; á sú sekt öll at halda, Grág. i. 89; á þat at h. allt er þeir urðu á sáttir, 86; enda á þat at h. með þeim síðan, ii. 336.
    IV. to hold, compel, bind (with the notion of obligation or duty); heldr mik þá ekki til utan-ferðar, Nj. 112; þó heldr þik várkunn til at leita á, i. e. thou art excused, thou hast some excuse in trying, 21; var auðsætt hvat til hélt um sættir, Bjarn. 70; þik heldr eigi hér svá mart, at þú megir eigi vel bægja héraðs-vist þinni, Eb. 252; þar mælir þú þar, er þik heldr várkunn til at mæla, Nj. 227; ek mun vera vinr hans, ok alla þá, er at mínum orðum láta, halda til vináttu við hann, i. e. I will be his friend, and all those who lend ear to my words I will hold to friendship with him, Eg. 18.
    2. halda sik frá e-u, to keep oneself from, to refrain from a thing, Sks. 276 B; h. sik frá munaðlífi, Post. 656 A. ii. 16, Hom. 53, 135; h. sik aptr af e-u, to abstain from, Hkr. i. 512.
    V. absol. to be the cause of, be conducive to a thing; heldr þar margt til þess, there are many reasons for this, Nj. 192; vildim vér vita hvat til heldr, Fms. vii. 106; en hann vissi eigi hvat til hafði haldit, er hann kom eigi, xi. 11; margir hlutir héldu til þess, Eg. 38; þat hélt til þess, at …, Al. 94; hélt til þess ( conduced to it) góðgirnd hans, stórmennska ok vitsmunir, Fs. 29; hefir þat mjök til haldit, er ek hefi svá lengi dvalizt, at ek ætlaða, Ld. 32; hann lét bæði til h. vingan ok mágsemd, Fs. 24; heldr þat mest til at þá var komit útfall sjávar, Ld. 56; hélt þat mest til þess, at hann gafsk bezt í öllum mannraunum, 60; þat eitt hélt til, at þeir fóru eigi málum á hendr Þórði, at þeir höfðu eigi styrk til, 138.
    VI. to hold, comprise; sólar-öld heldr tuttugu ok átta ár, Rb. 510; h. skor (of weight), Grág. i. 500.
    ☞ In some instances the use of dat. and acc. wavers, e. g. halda húsum, to keep up the houses, Grág. ii. 278, 335; h. hliði, to keep the gate in repair, 265; but halda hlið (acc.), 332: to keep, observe, h. lögum, griðum, boðorðum, Glúm. 333, Grág. i. 357, ii. 166, 623. 28; hélt hann þessu sumu, Fms. x. 416 (Ágrip); halda ílla orðum, vii. (in a verse); þeir er því þingi áttu at h., Glúm. 386; h. sáttum, St. 17; h. eiðum, Bkv. 18; Gizuri þótti biskup h. ríkt ( protect strongly) brennu-mönnum, Sturl. i. 201 C; Guð er sínum skepnum heldr (keeps, protects) ok geymir, Mar.; þá hélt engi kirkju mönnum, … kept no man safe, Fms. ix. 508; h. njósn (acc.) um e-t, Eg. 74; h. til njósn, 72; njósnir, Fms. xi. 46. In most of these instances the acc. is the correct case, and the dat. is due either to careless transcribers or incorrect speaking: in some instances an enclitic um has been taken for a dative inflexion, thus e. g. sáttum haldi in Stor. l. c. is to be restored to sátt um haldi; eiðum haldit in Bkv. l. c. to eið (for eiða) um haldit; in others the prep. um has caused the confusion, as ‘halda njósn um at’ has been changed into halda njósnum at. But in the main the distinction between the use of dat. and acc. is fixed even at the present time: the acc. seems to represent the more primitive usage of this verb, the dat. the secondary.
    C. REFLEX.:
    I. to hold oneself, to stay; héldusk þeir þá ekki fyrir norðan Stað, Fms. i. 63; mátti hann eigi þar haldask, Landn. 246; h. á baki, to keep oneself on horseback, keep one’s seat, Grág. ii. 95; munu þeir skamma stund hér við haldask, Nj. 247: to be kept, remain, þá skal hann h. með Helju, Edda 39: to resist, megu vér ekki við h. fyrir ofreflis-mönnum þessum, Nj. 254; hélzk þá ekki við honum, Eg. 289; mann er svá hefir haldisk við höfuð-syndum, Hom. 157.
    β. to hold out, last, continue; ok hélzk ferillinn, Eg. 579; hélzk undr þetta allt til dags, Nj. 272 (twice); hélzk konungdómr í kyni hans, Rb. 394; lengi síðan hélzk bruna-öld með Svíum, Yngl. S.; lengi hélzk þat í ætt þeirri, at …, Eg. 770; hélzk vinátta með þeim, Nj. 66; þat hefir enn haldizk í ætt hans, Fms. iv. 8; ok hefir þat haldizk ( it has continued to be so) síðan er ek hefi hann séð, Ld. 174; honum haldisk (imperat.) sigr ok langt líf, Ver. 57; betr þætti mér, at hún héldisk þér, that it (the luck) would hold out for thee, Fb. ii. 74; ef hann helzk í útrú sinni, if he perseveres in his untruth, 623. 26.
    γ. to be kept safe and sound; menn allir héldusk ( all bands were saved) ok svá fé, Ld. 8, Fs. 143; þar héldusk menn allir ok mestr hluti fjár, Eg. 405; hafði fé vel haldizk, has been well kept, done well, Ld. 34.
    δ. to be valid, stand; eigu þau handsöl hennar at haldask, Grág. i. 334; engi má haldask dómr hans, Edda 15; skyldu þau (the truce) haldask um þingit, Nj. 348.
    2. impers., mér helzk, e-m helzk vel, ílla, á e-u, to have a good hold, have luck with a thing; mér helzk lítt á sauða-mönnum, Grett. 110 A.
    3. recipr., haldask á, to hold or pull one against another, wrestle, (hence á-höld); var sagt Magnúsi, at þeir héldisk á úti, that they were fighting outside, Sturl. ii. 44.
    II. part. pass. haldinn, [Dan. holden], so ‘holden,’ in such and such a state; vel haldinn, in good condition, faring well, well to do, Eg. 20, 234; hugðusk þar ok haldnir ( safe) mundu vera, Ver. 34; þungliga h., very sick, Eg. 565, Hkr. ii. 199; vel haldinn, doing well; tak heldr annat fé, svá mikit, at þú þykisk vel haldinn af, i. e. fully satisfied, having got full redress, Boll. 350; Sveinn sagði, at hann vill hafa tvá hluti fjárins, Hrani sagðisk ekki af því haldinn ( satisfied) vera, Fms. iv. 31: in the phrase, heilu ok höldnu, safe and sound, Bs. i. 191, Fms. xi. 376, Hkr. i. 319; með höldnu hljóði, preserving the sound, Skálda 175.
    2. ok mun þykkja sér misboðit ef þú ert haldinn (kept, protected), Finnb. 344.
    β. kept, observed, Fms. xi. 99.
    γ. held in custody, in prison, Bs. i. 419, Sturl. i. 151.
    III. gerund., haldandi, holding good, valid; sá dómr er eigi haldandi, is not valid, K. Á. 304; af öllu afli er friðr haldandi, Hom. 5.
    2. part. act., með upp haldandi höndum, with uplifted hands, Bs. i. 684.

    Íslensk-ensk orðabók > HALDA

Страницы

См. также в других словарях:

  • bind — / bīnd/ vt bound / bau̇nd/, bind·ing 1 a: to make responsible for an obligation (as under a contract) agents have the power to bind the insurer R. I. Mehr b: to burden with an obligation prevented married women from bind ing …   Law dictionary

  • Obligation — • Defined in the Institutes of Justinian as a legal bond which by a legal necessity binds us to do something according to the laws of our State Catholic Encyclopedia. Kevin Knight. 2006. Obligation     Obligation …   Catholic encyclopedia

  • Bind — Bind, v. t. [imp. {Bound}; p. p. {Bound}, formerly {Bounden}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Binding}.] [AS. bindan, perfect tense band, bundon, p. p. bunden; akin to D. & G. binden, Dan. binde, Sw. & Icel. binda, Goth. bindan, Skr. bandh (for bhandh) to bind …   The Collaborative International Dictionary of English

  • bind — ► VERB (past and past part. bound) 1) tie or fasten tightly together. 2) restrain (someone) by tying their hands and feet. 3) wrap or encircle tightly. 4) hold in a united or cohesive group or mass. 5) impose a legal or contractual obligation on …   English terms dictionary

  • bind — bindable, adj. /buynd/, v., bound, binding, n. v.t. 1. to fasten or secure with a band or bond. 2. to encircle with a band or ligature: She bound her hair with a ribbon. 3. to swathe or bandage (often fol. by up): to bind up one s wounds. 4. to… …   Universalium

  • bind — [c]/baɪnd / (say buynd) verb (bound, binding) –verb (t) 1. to make fast with a band or bond. 2. to swathe or bandage. 3. to fasten around; fix in place by girding. 4. to cause to cohere or harden. 5. to unite by any legal or moral tie: bound by… …  

  • bind — [[t]baɪnd[/t]] v. bound, bind•ing, n. 1) to fasten or secure with or as if with a band 2) to encircle with a band or ligature: to bind one s hair with a ribbon[/ex] 3) to bandage (often fol. by up): to bind up one s wounds[/ex] 4) to fix in place …   From formal English to slang

  • obligation — A generic word, derived from the Latin substantive obligatio, having many, wide, and varied meanings, according to the context in which it is used. That which a person is bound to do or forbear; any duty imposed by law, promise, contract,… …   Black's law dictionary

  • bind — v. & n. v. (past and past part. bound) (see also BOUNDEN). 1 tr. (often foll. by to, on, together) tie or fasten tightly. 2 tr. a restrain; put in bonds. b (as bound adj.) constricted, obstructed (snowbound). 3 tr. esp. Cookery cause… …   Useful english dictionary

  • bind — verb (past and past participle bound) 1》 tie or fasten (something) tightly together.     ↘restrain (someone) by tying their hands and feet.     ↘wrap or encircle (something) tightly. 2》 hold in a united or cohesive group or mass.     ↘hold or… …   English new terms dictionary

  • bind — I. verb (bound; binding) Etymology: Middle English, from Old English bindan; akin to Old High German bintan to bind, Greek peisma cable, Sanskrit badhnāti he ties Date: before 12th century transitive verb 1. a. to make secure by tying b. to… …   New Collegiate Dictionary

Поделиться ссылкой на выделенное

Прямая ссылка:
… Нажмите правой клавишей мыши и выберите «Копировать ссылку»